Liner Notes

Lyrics written by Kris McDaniel

Kris McDaniel: vocals, keyboards, drum programming
Ben Bradley: vocals

Cover art by Carrie Jenkins

The word “red” refers to the color red rather than the color blue; the name “Kris” refers to the Mereological Bastard rather than the Lazy Monad. But what makes it the case that a word refers to the thing that it in fact refers to? How the word is used is a large part of the story, but it also seems like it can’t be all of it.

To see why, let’s consider the word “plus” as used in the sentence “two plus three equals five”. There are infinitely many possible sentences in which the word “plus” appears, but some of them are so lengthy that the human race will expire before anyone is able to finish uttering one of them. Consider now a mathematical function called “quus” that behaves indistinguishably from plus up to the point in which the numerical expressions are to lengthy to ever be uttered–and at that point, this function always yields the answer five. (That is, for any numbers n and m such that n and m have numerical expressions that can be uttered prior to the extinction of the human race, n quus m = n plus m. But if n or m cannot be uttered prior to the extinction of the human race, n quus m = 5.

Why does “plus” mean plus rather than quus? Both functions fit equally well with how we use the word “plus” because the difference between them shows up only in sentences that are too long for any of us to ever use.

So if facts about how we use “plus” are not sufficient to explain why “plus” refers to plus rather the quus, what other facts are needed? Perhaps plus is simply more eligible to be meant! This is the core idea of a reference magnet: when two objects both equally fit use, but one of them is more inherently eligible to be meant, the more eligible one is the one that is meant. Like a magnet, the eligible referent attracts the word.

But reference magnets, how do they work?

Lyrics

Reference magnets, how do they work?
I don’t have a clue
I say some words and then somehow
They stick to them like glue

Do you expect me to believe this?
Do you think that I was just born?
I reject your noetic rays
That emanate from your forms

To resolve the indeterminacy
Of Putnam’s paradox
To make this much fuss over quus
Is it really worth the cost?

Do you expect me to believe this?
Do I look like I was just born?
I reject your noetic rays
That emanate from your forms

An appeal to reference magnets
Will never satisfy
Although I’ll love David Lewis
Until the day I die